Know Why Interviewer Ask These Questions

‘Ok, tell me something about yourself,’ says interviewer and you are like, ‘Ohh God! Why? Why can he just not look into my resume and find out himself?’ and then you give an unprepared, vague answer, which simply doesn’t impress him.Has this situation or anything similar happened with you? Have you ever felt why did the interviewer ask this question? Yes, it’s true that the simplest questions are the trickiest ones, which may easily land you into trouble. And to get out of the trouble, one easy way is to STAY INFORMED & PREPARED!To answer these fiddly questions perfectly, you need to know 3 things, which are: purpose behind asking, what’s the trick behind it, and what response does interviewer want! Here are some such simplest questions, discussed upon these three aspects.

Q: Tell me one word that describes you the best
.Purpose: To know your personality, check your confidence level when it comes to self-awareness, and whether you are fit for the job role.
Trick: Multi personality being a common trait of many people, has made the interviewer come up with tricky questions to identify the real personality amidst the lot. With this one word, interviewer tries to reveal the real you
Expected Response: Be true and be self-informed! Know what is that one thing that over rules your persona, and think whether it goes well with the job profile you are looking for. Be you say you are creative, and then applying for banking job, it won’t really help you. So, find one best thing in you that fits to your job profile

.Q: What is your biggest strength & weakness?StrengthWeakness Why Did Interviewer Ask This Question? 
 Part 1Purpose: Every work has different requirement & every workplace has different culture. To ensure your adaptability level, interviewers ask this question.
Trick: Revealing both your strengths & weakness can land you into trouble. Your strengths might not go with what the job demands and on the other hand your weakness would reveal where you are not good at, which might go against you. In short, be extra prepared for this question.
Expected Response: Be smart with answering this question. Tell your strengths in a way that can overcome your weakness. Or when telling your weakness mention the positive points that you have taken to overcome your bad points.

Q: One reason for why your co-workers might not like you.
Purpose: To know if there is any obtrusive personality issue with you. They want to know what according to you can be the worst situation while working with you
.Trick: One answer that generally people give is ‘I cannot think of that situation that anyone wouldn’t like working with me.’ But with this, you can sound rude and insult the question of the interviewer. So, you again have to get hold of this trick and give a smart & sensible answer.
Expected Response:Surely, you do not have to start counting your negative points here. Instead, tell them that you have mostly experienced a positive response while working with people in the past. You can tell about one moment when you temporarily had a problem with your team for when you suggested a new idea and it demanded extra efforts from the team to execute it. Or something similar.

Banking Study Materials Vostro Nostro &Loro Account - www.tutioncentral.com

For Banking aspirants, Banking terms explained with examples for easy understanding

 Topics covered in this video:

• •What is Vostro Account
• Example of Vostro Account
• What is Nostro Account
• Example of Nostro Account
• What is Loro Account
• Example of Loro Account

 Follow us on facebook for all updates: https://www.facebook.com/pages/TutionCentral/169597176450421

 All everything related to Banking Career

-JAIIB/-CAIIB/-NCFM Certifications/-PO Exams

-Bank Interview  Questions & Answers

-Vast collection of Study Materials on Banking Topics

-Latest news in Banking Sector and many more

 Free Practice tests  at: http://tutioncentral.com/practice-tests

For all information's on Banking/CAIIB/JAIIB/MBA-finance/Probationary Officer / RRB/ CAT/ Verbal/Logical/Puzzles/Interview Questions/Free Practice Exams/Model Papers/Sample Papers and Many more…

 Visit us  http://tutioncentral.com

Admission Notifications - CAT 2013 - Oct 16 2013 to Nov 11 2013

The Common Admission Test (CAT) 2013 for Indian Institutes of Management (IIMs) and other business schools will be conducted from October 16 to November 11. Students can choose any slot during the period.

Registration

CAT vouchers will be available at select Axis Bank branches from July 29 to September 24 and the registration window will be open from July 29 to September 26. IIM Indore is conducting the test.

This year, four new locations, Surat, Udaipur, Trivandrum and Vijayawada, have been added to the existing 36. Prometric India will conduct the exams on behalf of the IIMs and IIM-Indore will organize the tests. Convenor of CAT this year Rohit Kapoor said the paper would be divided in two sections as usual.

http://tutioncentral.com

Bank Essay topics for Written exams

1. Uses of Public Library        
2. Man is a moral, accountable being
3. Smoking Should Be Banned In Public Places
4. Festivals Of India Abroad   
5. What brought losses in the recent quarters for a few banks and steps they should take to avoid losses.
6. The Qualities Of A Good Citizen
7. COTTAGE INDUSTRIES
8. Sex Education--Relevance and Challenges
9. FDI IN RETAIL
10. FEATURE OF ECNOMIC RECESSION
11. Corruption In India
12. Legalising Prostitution in India
13. Is it advisable to take up a government job or a private sector job and why?
14. RISE OF THE AMERICAN DOLLAR
15. LATEST TECHNOLOGIES IN BANKING
16. Role of media in a democracy
17. Twenty overs cricket -- is it helping cricket or takes away the merit of cricket -- in the light of fixing controversies
18. MOBILE BANKING
19. STRATEGY TO ALLEVIATE POVERTY
20. Social Banking
21. TV - An Addiction
22. BANK ARE MANUFACTURE OF MONEY
23. Newspapers -- relevance in the context of internet and television providing immediate news .
24. WOMEN SECURITY
25. Unemployment
26. Man and Environment
27. DISCIPLINE IN LIFE
28. Measures to improve economy
29. Jan Lokpal Bill
30. Dowry System : A Curse
31. Bribery in Business
32. "The greater the spirit, greater is the chances of success in any work/venture/attempts". Elaborate
33. Hike in petrol prices -- Is it right for the government to hike or not?
34. Budget 2013-14
35. Computer websites like facebook, twitter -- are they helpful or they affect our privacy?
36. Economic Growth Of India
37. Status of Women in India: Peeping into the Grey Areas
38. Can politics be delinked from Indian sport?
39. Who must take care of the environment?
40. Leadership is doing the right things; Management is doing things right
41. Corporate Social Responsibility benefits the bottom line
42. Has globalization really worked?
43. Integrity at work
44. Buying options: A matter of trust
45. People: The most important asset of any enterprise
46. Cricket a national obsession- detrimental to other sport
47. Man is a Social Animal
48. Management styles: Why things go wrong?
49. Do we need to dress for success?
50. What do Chief Executive Officers do?
51. The element of Risk in management.
52. Outsourcing to reduce risk
53. Management is what managers do
54. Terrorism benefits whom
55. Nation’s growth must be inclusive
56. Distribution of  free laptop to students is not good.
57. The secret to winning more gold in the Olympics
58. The ban on smoking- Gimmick or success
59. Why does a nation need forex reserves?
60. What makes you a suitable candidate for an MBA?
61. Is India really shining?
62. What is revenue deficit?
63. What is the job of the Manager?
64. Is democracy working for India?
65. Performance appraisal- A Useful tool for growth
66. Corruption an outcome of Democracy
67. Agricultural subsidies: A Boon or a Bane
68. The problems of a few airlines and suggestions for their recovery
69. Do we need a dictator?
70. Does the media need censorship?
71. Reforms in education  a necessity
72. Management objective- Maximise profits
73. Classroom learning vs experiential learning
74. Is democracy hampering our growth?
75. Is peace and non-violence for the 20th century only?
76. Is India safe for its citizens?
77. One can make a difference
78. What does 15th August mean to me?
79. Is Gandhi’s policies  relevant today?
80. I believe, success in life comes from
81. Dependence on computers a blessing or bane
82. Voters and not politicians responsible for criminalization of politics
83. Business ethics - A necessity or luxury
84. Do the modern means of telecommunication post a threat to our society and culture.
85. Can Laws alone fight corruption?
86. Women empowerment and national development
87. Security imperatives for India in the emerging ge0-political developments
88. Freedom of expression is an absolute right - for and against.
89. Old is gold - for and against
90. The predicaments of democracy
91. In India when inflation rises governance stalls
92. Modern world’s fear about nuclear energy
93. Information Technology changing the Indian society
94. Inventions generate necessity
95. Does Indian cinema shape our popular culture or simple reflect it?
96. Both human intelligence and technical intelligence are crucial in combating terrorism

Solved Analytical Reasoning Paper

Directions: Study the following information carefully and answer the given questions.

Eight friends A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H are sitting around a square table in such a way that four of them sit at four corners of the square while four sit in the middle of each of the four sides. The ones who sit at the four corners face the centre while those who sit in the middle of the sides face outside. A, who faces the centre, sits third to the right of F. E who faces the centre, is not an immediate neighbour of F. Only one person sits between F and G. D sits second to the right of B. B faces the centre. C is not an immediate neighbour of A.

Q1. Who sits third to the left of D?

    G
    H
    F
    C
    Cannot be determined

Q2. What is the position of C with respect to G?

    Fourth to the right
    Fourth to the left
    Both (a) & (b)
    Second to the right
    Second to the left

Q3. Which of the following will come in place of the question mark based upon the given seating arrangement? GA   EC   BG   CD   (?)

    HE
    FH
    FB
    AH
    BF

Q4. Which of the following is true regarding C?

    C faces the centre
    C is second to the left of F.
    C sits exactly between A and B
    B sits third to the left of C
    Cannot be determined

Q5. Four of the following five are alike in a certain way and so form a group. Which is the one that does not belong to that group?

    C
    G
    F
    H
    D
ANSWERS

Q1. A

Q2. C

Q3. A

Q4. B

Q5. E

Latest GD topics : A tweet, "is the new elevator pitch."?

Guys be prepared for the latest GD topics for your MBA Admissions...
Latest GD topics : A tweet, "is the new elevator pitch."?


For few pointers and statistics on this topics:
www.tutioncentral.com
http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424127887323820304578412741852687994.html

A great collection of GD topics: http://tutioncentral.com/gd-topics

Support us & Like us @ www.tutioncentral.com

Vedic Maths Tricks - Is it divisible by four?

1. Whether a number is divisible by four or not?

Let's look at 1234 - Does 4 divide evenly into 1234?

For 4 to divide into any number we have  to make sure that the last number is even
If it is an odd number, there is no way it will go in evenly.
So, for example, 4 will not go evenly into 1233 or 1235
Now we know that for 4 to divide evenly into any number the number has to end with an even number.
Back to the question... 4 into 1234, the solution:
Take the last number and add it to 2 times the second last number
If 4 goes evenly into this number then you know that 4 will go evenly into the whole number.
So
4 + (2 X 3) = 10
4 goes into 10 two times with a remainder of 2 so it does not go in evenly.
Therefore 4 into 1234 does not go in completely.

Let’s try 4 into 3436546
So, from our example, take the last number, 6 and add it to
two times the penultimate number, 4
6 + (2 X 4) = 14
4 goes into 14 three times with two remainder.
So it doesn't go in evenly.

you can use it in working out whether the year you are calculating is a leap year or not.

Vedic Maths Tricks - Multiplying by 12

Example: 12 X 7
The first thing is to always multiply the 1 of the twelve by the
number we are multiplying by, in this case 7. So 1 X 7 = 7.
Multiply this 7 by 10 giving 70.

Now multiply the 7 by the 2 of twelve giving 14. Add this to 70 giving 84.
Therefore 7 X 12 = 84


Let's try another:
17 X 12
Remember, multiply the 17 by the 1 in 12 and multiply by 10
(Just add a zero to the end)
1 X 17 = 17, multiplied by 10 giving 170.
Multiply 17 by 2 giving 34.
Add 34 to 170 giving 204.
So 17 X 12 = 204
lets go one more
24 X 12
Multiply 24 X 1 = 24. Multiply by 10 giving 240.
Multiply 24 by 2 = 48. Add to 240 giving us 288
24 X 12 = 288

Puzzle- How to Write four inside five

FIVE

puzzles- Interviews

Tips for preparing for BEHAVIORAL INTERVIEWS

TIPs for Preparating - while attending behavioral interviews

 

• Research the business unit or department.
• Become familiar with the products, services, structure, competitors, reputation, and any recent significant changes.
• Review the job description to understand the skills required.

• Do research on yourself as well.
• Know why you want the job.
• Review your resume.
• Identify transferable skills, key accomplishments, work style, and personal and professional strengths. Remind yourself of specific experiences that exemplify these skills and strengths.

• Be able to express the unique marketable skills you have to offer.
• Prepare a list of four or five questions about the department or position.
• Get a good nights’ rest.
• Know the exact place and time of the meeting.
• Allow plenty of time to get to the interview and plan to arrive early.

 Try to arrive at the location at least 15 minutes before your scheduled test time to give yourself time to relax before the interview begins.

 

Tips To Do your BEST

 

•  Listen carefully, and feel free to ask for clarification before answering a question.
• Take a moment to formulate your answers before you speak.
• Project energy and enthusiasm.
• Be honest while focusing on communicating your professional achievements. Bring extra resumes, a notepad, and a pen.
• Be polite to everyone you meet at the interview.
• Do not chew gum, swear, or use slang.
• Thank the interviewer for their time. Within a day, send a written thank you note via e-mail or regular mail.
• If the interview is face-to-face:
• Look your professional best.
• Be conservative in your use of fragrance, cosmetics, and jewelry. Make eye contact with the interviewer.
• Be aware of the interviewer’s body language and other non-verbal cues.

 

 

 

Sample Behavioral interview questions

SAMPLE BEHAVIORAL INTERVIEW QUESTIONS


• Tell me about a time when you were on a team, and one of the members wasn’t doing his or her share.

• Tell me about a time when you felt a need to update your skills or knowledge in order to keep up with the changes in technology. How did you approach that?

• Describe a time when a customer got angry with you. How did you react? How did you resolve the situation?

• Please give me an example of a time when you took the initiative to improve a specific work process.

• Give me an example of a time when you surpassed a customer’s expectations.

• Tell me about a time when a customer requested special treatment that was out of the scope of normal procedures. What was the situation and how did you handle it?

• Describe a time when you had to use logic and good judgment to solve a problem.

• Tell me about a time when you had to cope with a stressful situation.

• Give me an example of a time when you had to make a split second decision.

• Give me an example of a time when you used your fact-finding skills to solve a problem.

• Describe a time when you put your needs aside to help a co-worker understand a task. How did you assist them? What was the result?

Electronics -Interview Qts-10

Interview Questions- MBA Admissions- Job Interviews


                 - Electronics and Communication, Applied Electronics

• Define Transponders


Transponder: An automatic device that receives, amplifies, and retransmits a signal on a different frequency (see also broadcast translator).

• what is Moore's Law?

The prediction by Gordon Moore -cofounder of the Intel Corporation that the number of transistors on a microprocessor would double periodically -approximately every 18 months.

• Explain Superhyterodyne reciever.

Superhyterodyne system, the incoming signal is mixed with a local oscillator to produce sum and difference frequency components. The lower frequency difference component called the intermediate frequency (IF), is separated from the other components by fixed tuned amplifier stages set to the intermediate frequency. The tuning of the local oscillator is mechanically ganged to the tuning of the signal circuit or radio frequency (RF) stages so that the difference intermediate frequency is always the same fixed value.

• What are the different types of filters?

low pass, high pass, band pass, band stop, resonant

• What is impulse response?

Impulse response of a system is its output when presented with a very brief input signal, an impulse. A system in the class known as LTI systems (linear, time-invariant systems) is completely characterized by its impulse response. The Laplace transform of the impulse response function is known as the transfer function. It is usually easier to analyze systems using transfer functions as opposed to impulse response functions. The Laplace transform of a system's output may be determined by the multiplication of the transfer function with the input function in the complex plane, also known as the frequency domain. An inverse Laplace transform of this result will yield the output function in the time domain. To determine an output function directly in the time domain requires the convolution of the input function with the impulse response function.

• What do you mean by half-duplex and full-duplex communication? Explain briefly.

Half duplex - both sender & receiver can communicate with each other, but not simultaneously Full duplex - both sender & receiver can communicate with each other, simultaneous communication is also possible"

• What is RS in RS-232 ?

RS-232(Recommended Standard 232) is a standard for communication between devices, such as a modem and computer

• whats Farrady's law

Any change in the magnetic environment of a coil of wire will cause a voltage (emf) to be "induced" in the coil.The change could be produced by changing the magnetic field strength, moving a magnet toward or away from the coil, moving the coil into or out of the magnetic field, rotating the coil relative to the magnet, etc.

• What is Lenz law ?

When an emf is generated by a change in magnetic flux, the polarity of the induced emf is such that it produces a current whose magnetic field opposes the change which produces it.

• What is Transmission Frequency of Bluetooth, Wi-Fi and Wi-MAX ?


Bluetooth - 2.4 GHtz,

Wi-Fi - 2.4 Ghz to 5 Ghz

Wi-Max-10 to 66GHz"

• What type of architecture is used in 8085 microprocessor?

Von-Neumann architecture

• How many states does signal has ?

There are 3 states in a signal: on state, off state, tri state

• which software is used to design a software IC using VHDL

Altera

• Why are nand gates and NOR gates called Universal gates

Becoz using these 2 gates any other type of gates can be made

• What is Vcc? Why is it called so

Vcc -Common collector voltage, plus collector supply line voltage in a common NPN circuit. Vcc is positive supply voltage for BJT collectors, and Vdd is +ve supply for FET drains. Vee For BJT emitters, and Vss for FET sources. "

• what is the difference between Mealy and Moore

In Mealy machines the o/p is a function of the current state and the inputs whereas In Moore machines the o/p a function of current state only

• what is 555 and why is it named so

555 Timer is used to produce accurate and stable time delays ranging from microseconds to hours.inside the 555 timer, there are 3 resistors used in series all the 3 resistors used are same and are 5k ohm resistors..so its called 555 timer..

• whats Shannon's source coding theorm

Source coding theorem is stated as follows:Given a discrete memoryless source of entropy H(p), the average code-word length L for any source encoding is bounded as L >= H(p)

• where is shannos/source coding used

This is basically used for Data Compression using different codes but following this rule.

• Difference between FIR and IIR filters

"Finite impulse response and infinite impulse response filters finite impulse response settles to zero in a finite number of sample intervals. This is in contrast to infinite impulse response (IIR) filters, which have internal feedback and may continue to respond indefinitely FIR filters are always stable but IIR may or may not be stable

Electronics - Interview Qts- 9

Interview Questions- MBA Admissions- Job Interviews

                        - Electronics and Communication, Applied Electronics

• what is the difference between SCR and diode rectifier?


Diode is a 2 terminal device, in scr gate controls the rectifing.SCR is used in High frequency applications but diode is low freuency devices, SCR can be in high temparatures but not diode.

• What is Race-around problem? How can you rectify it?

A condition in logic network in which the difference in propagation times through two or more signal paths in the network can produce an erroneous output.in jk flip flop race around problem will occur when both the inputs are high. it can be prevented by using master slave jk flip flop

• What is the basic difference between Latches and Flip flops?

latch works without clock signal,but works with a control signal and it is level triggered device.whereas flip flop is a 1 bit storage element and works with a clock signal.its a edge triggered device. normally latches are avoided and flip flops are preferred.

• what is Barkhausen Criterion?

-the magnitude of loop gain must be unity

- the total prase shift around the closed loop is zero or 360 degrees

• what are active Components?

ACTIVE COMPONENTS The components which produce the energy in the form of current or voltage are called as active components.Example:transistors etc,.

• what are Passive Components?

• PASSIVE COMPONENTS-The components which stores the energy in the form of current or voltage are called as passive components.example:inductors,resistors,capacitors etc"

• Define voltage source

Ideal voltage source is a circuit element where the voltage across it is independent of the current through it. It only exists in mathematical models of circuits. If the voltage across an ideal voltage source can be specified independently of any other variable in a circuit, it is called an independent voltage source.

• Define CMRR

Common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR) of a differential amplifier (or other device) measures the tendency of the device to reject input signals common to both input leads. A high CMRR is important in applications where the signal of interest is represented by a small voltage fluctuation superimposed on a (possibly large) voltage offset, or when relevant information is contained in the voltage difference between two signals.

• Define S/N ratio

Signal-to-noise ratio (often abbreviated SNR or S/N) defined as the ratio of a signal power to the noise power corrupting the signal. In less technical terms, signal-to-noise ratio compares the level of a desired signal (such as music) to the level of background noise. The higher the ratio, the less obtrusive the background noise is.

• Whats BUS

BUS: In computer architecture, a bus is a subsystem that transfers data between computer components inside a computer or between computers. Unlike a point-to-point connection, a bus can logically connect several peripherals over the same set of wires. Each bus defines its set of connectors to physically plug devices, cards or cables together. Early computer buses were literally parallel electrical buses with multiple connections, but the term is now used for any physical arrangement that provides the same logical functionality as a parallel electrical bus.

• what are pull-up registers

Pull-up resistors are resistors used in the design of electronic logic circuits to ensure that inputs to logic systems settle at expected logic levels if external devices are disconnected. Pull-up resistors may also be used at the interface between two different types of logic devices, possibly operating at different power supply voltages.

• Where are pull-up regsiters used.

The idea of a pullup resistor is that it weakly "pulls" the voltage of the wire it's connected to towards 5V (or whatever voltage represents a logic "high"). However, the resistor is intentionally weak (high-resistance) enough that, if something else strongly pulls the wire toward 0V, the wire will go to 0V.

Electronics - Interview Qts-8

Interview Questions- MBA Admissions- Job Interviews

               - Electronics and Communication, Applied Electronics

• What is the diffrence between a UPS and an inverter?


"The basic difference in layman's terms is: While both provide backup power during mains outage, with the UPS the switch is instantaneous whereas with the Inverter there is a gap of a second or two. This gap is OK for household gadgets such as lights, fans, fridge, etc. but not OK for computers. In technical terms:UPS: The mains power comes to the UPS. The AC is converted to DC and this DC is constantly charging the battery. The output of the battery is fed to the Sine wave inverter and it converts DC to AC and this feeds the equipment. Since power out is always drawn from the battery, there is no time lag when mains swicthes off; it justs stops the battery from being charged and the UPS continues to supply power till the battery runs out. Inverter: The mains power comes to the Inverter. This is directly sent to the output but the AC is also converted to DC and this DC is constantly charging the battery. A sensor and relay mechanism checks whether the mains is ON or OFF. When the main switches OFF, the relay actuator triggers to switch from mains to inverter. Rest is same like the UPS. Because of this sensor and relay, there is a gap between triggering. UPS involves more costly circuitary and is therefor more expensive to make and sell."

• what is fuzzy Logic?

Fuzzy logic is basically about dealing with not only 0 or 1 but also values in between them i.e.floating values

• How many type of resistances are there in a diode

Two, one when forward biased have zero resistance and the other when reverse biased has infinite resistance

· Why a MOSFET is preferred over a transistor?   
A MOSFET is very small in size as compared to a transistor and its biasing is easier as compared to latter.


• Why biasing is required in a transistor?

Biasing is required to get the loadline and the operating point of a transistor.Moreover different regions are achieved through different biasing types.

• How different regions are got and what are those regions?Explain taking a Common Base connection.

Transistor can be biased in 3 different types to get three different regions-Active region,Saturation Region,Cut-off Region

• Explain Active Region- Explain taking a Common Base connection.

Active Region-:Emitter is forward biased and collector is reverse biased

• Cut-off Region- Explain taking a Common Base connection.

Cut-off Region-:Both emitter and collector are reverse biased

• Saturation region:-Explain taking a Common Base connection.

Saturation region:Both emitter and collector are forward biased

• What is a tunnel diode ?

Tunnel diode was invented by Esaki and its different from the normal diode in terms of the doping concentration as in 1part of doping is present in 10^3 atoms whereas in normal diode it is 1 part in 10^8 atoms. It is basically used for very fast switching response.

• Why is a common collector called an emitter follower..?


In this configuration the voltage gain is equal to unity and hence a change in base voltage appeears as an equal change across the load at the emitter.Thus the emitter follows the input signal. The most common use of this circuit is to use as a buffer stage which functions as resistance transformation from high to low resistance.

Electronics - Interview Qts-7

Interview Questions- MBA Admissions- Job Interviews
                  - Electronics and Communication, Applied Electronics

• Define virtual ground


Virtual ground (sometimes called virtual earth) is an important concept found in electronic circuit designs. It identifies a point in a circuit as being held close to the circuit's ground or reference level electric potential. It is called virtual since this point does not have any real electrical connection to ground. The reference may or may not be the same as the local utility ground or earth

• Define real ground

Real ground: Voltage is a differential quantity, which appears between two points. In order to deal only with a voltage (an electrical potential) of a single point, the second point has to be connected to a reference point (ground) having usually zero voltage. This point has to have steady potential, which does not vary when the electrical sources "attack" the ground by "injecting" or "sucking" a current to/from it. Usually, the power supply terminals serve as grounds; when the internal points of compound power sources are accessible, they can also serve as real grounds

• whatis intersymbol interference ans:


In telecommunication, intersymbol interference (ISI) means a form of distortion of a signal that causes the previously transmitted symbols to have an effect on the currently received symbol. This is usually an unwanted phenomenon as the previous symbols have similar effect as noise, thus making the communication less reliable. ISI is usually caused by echoes or non-linear frequency response of the channel. Ways to fight against intersymbol interference include adaptive equalization or error correcting codes (especially soft-decoding with Viterbi algorithm).

• Why crystal is a preferred clock source?


Because of high stability, large Q (Quality Factor) & the frequency that doesn’t drift with aging. Crystal is used as a clock source most of the times.

• What does Quality factor mean?

The Quality factor is also defined, as Q. So it is a number, which reflects the lossness of a circuit. Higher the Q, the lower are the losses.

• What is DTMF


Dual-tone multi-frequency signaling (DTMF) is used for telecommunication signaling over analog telephone lines in the voice-frequency band between telephone handsets and other communications devices and the switching center.

• whats channel coding theorem


Channel coding theorem says "Let a discrete memoryless scource with an alphabet p have entropy H(p) and produce symbols once every Ts seconds. "Let a memoryless channel have capacity C and be used once every Tc seconds. Then if H(p)/Ts <= C/Tc there exists a coding scheme for which the source output can be transmitted over the channel and reconstructed with very small error."

• where is channel coding theorem used

This is basically used for Error Detection.

• what is Hoffman coding

Hoffman code is a source code whose average word length approaches the fundamental limit set by the entropy of a discrete memoryless source.It is optimum in the sense that it follows Source coding very closely

• What is Time Convolution theorem

Time convolution theorem: Convolution in time domain = Multiplicaiton in Frequency domain x1(t) * x2(t) <---> X1(w) x X2(w) --

• What is Frequency Convolution theorem

"Frequency Convolution theorem :Convolution in freuqncy domain = 2pi x Multiplication in time domain X1(w) * X2(w) <---> 2pi x x1(t) x x2(t)"

Electronics - Interview Qts-6

Interview Questions- MBA Admissions- Job Interviews

              - Electronics and Communication, Applied Electronics

• Distinguish between Angle modulation and Amplitude modulation.


In amplitude Modulation as the amplitude of given signal varies, the amplitude of carrier signal also varies in the same way.In angle modulation, the frequency or phase may vary according to the amplitude of given signal"

• What is Biasing?

Biasing is a process of connecting dc voltage to a device by which we can select the operating point of the device. by biasing actually we select the operating point of the device.

• What do you mean by 3 dB cutoff frequency? Why is it 3 dB, not 1 dB?

3db implies 70%(o.7o7) of the power,i'e we r interested to consider the bandwidth range from peak to 70% b'coz uptp 70% its reliable.hence 3db is called as half power freq. 3db value is the mean square value which is 70% of the maximum value.

• What is meant by pre-emphasis


Pre-emphasis -Improving the signal to noise ratio by increasing the magnitude of higher frequency signals with respect to lower frequency signal"

• What is meant by de-emphasis?

De-emphasis-Improving the signal to noise ratio by decreasing the magnitude of higher frequency signals with respect to lower frequency signals"

• What is sampling theorem?

It is defined as the sampling frequency should be greater than or equal to twice the sampling frequency then we can generate the original signal if the condition does not satisfy we get the signal in the distorted mannerit is given as ( fs >/ 2 fs)

• Explian FIR filters


Finite impulse response (FIR) filter is a type of a digital filter. The impulse response, the filter's response to a Kronecker delta input, is 'finite' because it settles to zero in a finite number of sample intervals. This is in contrast to infinite impulse response filters which have internal feedback and may continue to respond indefinitely.

• Quote few examples of FIR Filters

A FIR filter has a number of useful properties which sometimes make it preferable to an infinite impulse response filter. FIR filters: Are inherently stable. This is due to the fact that all the poles are located at the origin and thus are located within the unit circle. Require no feedback. This means that any rounding errors are not compounded by summed iterations. The same relative error occurs in each calculation. They can be designed to be linear phase, which means the phase change is proportional to the frequency.

• What are IIR filters

Infinite impulse response (IIR) is a property of signal processing systems. They have an impulse response function which is non-zero over an infinite length of time. The simplest analog IIR filter is an RC filter made up of a single resistor (R) feeding into a node shared with a single capacitor (C). This filter has an exponential impulse response characterized by an RC time constant.

• what are Asynchronous transmission


Asynchronous transmission uses start and stop bits to signify the beginning bit ASCII character would actually be transmitted using 10 bits e.g.: A "0100 0001" would become "1 0100 0001 0". The extra one (or zero depending on parity bit) at the start and end of the transmission tells the receiver first that a character is coming and secondly that the character has ended. This method of transmission is used when data is sent intermittently as opposed to in a solid stream. In the previous example the start and stop bits are in bold. The start and stop bits must be of opposite polarity. This allows the receiver to recognize when the second packet of information is being sent.

• what are Synchronous transmission

Synchronous transmission uses no start and stop bits but instead synchronizes transmission speeds at both the receiving and sending end of the transmission using clock signals built into each component. A continual stream of data is then sent between the two nodes. Due to there being no start and stop bits the data transfer rate is quicker although more errors will occur, as the clocks will eventually get out of sync, and the receiving device would have the wrong time that had been agreed in protocol (computing) for sending/receiving data, so some bytes could become corrupted (by losing bits). Ways to get around this problem include re-synchronization of the clocks and use of check digits to ensure the byte is correctly interpreted and received.

Electronics - Interview Qts-5

Interview Questions- MBA Admissions- Job Interviews

                   - Electronics and Communication, Applied Electronics

• What is meant by a bus?


A bus is a group of conducting lines that carriers data, address, & control signals.

• What is Tri-state logic?

Three Logic Levels are used and they are High, Low, High impedance state. The high and low are normal logic levels & high impedance state is electrical open circuit conditions. Tri-state logic has a third line called enable line.

• Give an example of one address microprocessor?

8085 is a one address microprocessor.

• In what way interrupts are classified in 8085?

In 8085 the interrupts are classified as Hardware and Software interrupts.

• examples of Software interrupts?

RST0, RST1, RST2, RST3, RST4, RST5, RST6, RST7.

• EXAMPLES of Hardware interrupts?

TRAP, RST7.5, RST6.5, RST5.5, INTR.

• Which interrupt has the highest priority?

TRAP has the highest priority.

• What is clock frequency for 8085?

3 MHz is the maximum clock frequency for 8085.

• How many interrupts are there in 8085?

There are 12 interrupts in 8085.

• Name 5 different addressing modes?

Immediate, Direct, Register, Register indirect, Implied addressing modes.

• In 8085 which is called as High order / Low order Register?

Flag is called as Low order register & Accumulator is called as High order Register.

Electronics - Interview Qts-4

Interview Questions- MBA Admissions- Job Interviews

                  - Electronics and Communication, Applied Electronics

• Difference between micro processor and microcontroller


Micro controller is a self-contained processing unit. Micro processor is not a self-contained unit. It has ROM, RAM etc

• What are the flags in 8086?

Carry flag, Parity flag, Auxiliary carry flag, Zero flag, Overflow flag, Trace flag, Interrupt flag, Direction flag, and Sign flag.

• What are the various interrupts in 8086??

Maskable interrupts, Non-Maskable interrupts

• What is meant by Maskable interrupts?

An interrupt that can be turned off by the programmer is known as Maskable interrupt.

• Which interrupts are generally used for critical events??

Non-Maskable interrupts are used in critical events Such as Power failure, Emergency, Shut off etc.

• What is the Maximum clock frequency in 8086?

5 Mhz is the Maximum clock frequency in 8086.

• What are the various segment registers in 8086?

Code, Data, Stack, Extra

• Which Stack is used in 8086?

FIFO (First In First Out) stack is used in 8086.In this type of Stack the first stored information is retrieved first.

• What are the various registers in 8085?

Accumulator register, Temporary register, Instruction register, Stack Pointer, Program Counter are the various registers in 8085 .

• What is Stack Pointer

Stack pointer is a special purpose 16-bit register in the Microprocessor, which holds the address of the top of the stack

• What is Program counter?

Program counter holds the address of either the first byte of the next instruction to be fetched for execution or the address of the next byte of a multi byte instruction, which has not been completely fetched. In both the cases it gets incremented automatically one by one as the instruction bytes get fetched. Also Program register keeps the address of the next instruction.

• Which Stack is used in 8085?

LIFO (Last In First Out) stack is used in 8085.In this type of Stack the last stored information can be retrieved first.

Electronics - Interview Qts-3

Interview Questions- MBA Admissions- Job Interviews

                   - Electronics and Communication, Applied Electronics

• What is Yagi-Uda antenna ?


A Yagi-Uda antenna is familiar as the commonest kind of terrestrial TV antenna to be found on the rooftops of houses. It is usually used at frequencies between about 30MHz and 3GHz, or a wavelength range of 10 metres to 10 cm

• What is difference between Piconet and Scatternet ?

"A piconet is the type of connection that is formed between two or more Bluetooth-enabled devices, one device takes the role of 'master', and all other devices assume a 'slave' role for synchronization reasons. Where as a scatternet is a number of interconnected piconets that supports communication between more than 8 devices. Scatternets can be formed when a member of one piconet (either the master or one of the slaves) elects to participate as a slave in a second, separate piconet."

• What is MIMO ?

MIMO- multiple-input and multiple-output, , is the use of multiple antennas at both the transmitter and receiver to improve communication performance. It is one of several forms of smart antenna technology.

• What is VOIP ?

Voice over Internet Protocol (Voice over IP, VoIP) is one of a family of internet technologies, communication protocols, and transmission technologies for delivery of voice communications and multimedia sessions over Internet Protocol (IP) networks, such as the Internet.

• What is EDFA ?

Erbium-doped fiber amplifier. EDFA is an optical repeater device that is used to boost the intensity of optical signals being carried through a fiber optic communications system.

• what do you understand by microwaves? why these are called micro

Micro waves are those waves whose wavelength is less than 30 cms or freq ranging from 1 GHz to 1000 GHz.

• How do microwave oven works??

The main component of microwave oven is magnatron which generates frequency of appox. 2.4 GHz.

• What do you mean by 3 dB cutoff frequency? Why is it 3 dB, not 1 dB?

3dB is the half power value

• What is 2G?


2G is short for second generation wireless telephone technology.It is actually an upgradation of 1G which was analog in nature..but 2G is digital in nature..moreover its penetration in mobile networks is much higher.

• What is 3G?

3G is short for 3rd generation wireless telephone technology. It is a further upgradation of 2G..its data rates are higher and it is supposed to be ranged upto 14 mbps. NTT Docomo of Japan used it first. (After this u may expect questions from Docomo,so i u r aware use this statement)

Many new applications like Mobile TV,Internet Browsing, Video Conf,Tele-Medicine can be used.

• what is 4G?

4th Generation technology. Have very high data rates upto 100Mbps. and can be used for Online Gaming, HDTV viewing,etc..

• Why are video signals amplitude modulated and sound signal frequency modulated in composite video signal.?

Both picture and sound signals from different stations are concentrated within the same range of frequencies. Therefore, radiation from different stations would be hopelessly and inextricably mixed up and it would be impossible to separate one from the other at the receiving end. Thus

in order to be able to separate the intelligence from different stations, it is necessary to translate them all to different portions of the electromagnetic spectrum depending on the carrier frequency assigned to each station. Also the sound signal is frequency modulated because of its inherent merits of interference-free reception.