Top B-Schools Offering Executive MBA in India

Executive MBA programme has gained tremendous popularity over the last decades. The top executive MBA programmes in India are offered by:






Top B-Schools Offering Executive MBA in India

Indian Institute Of Management(IIM) Ahmedabad www.iimahd.ernet.in

Indian Institute Of Management(IIM) Bangalore www.iimb.ernet.in

Indian Institute Of Management(IIM) Kolkata www.iimcal.ac.in

XLRI Jamshedpur www.xlri.ac.in

S. P. JAIN Institute Of Management Studies(SPJIMR) Mumbai www.spjimr.org

Indian Institute Of Commerce And Trade Lucknow www.iict.in

ITM Executive EducationCenter Bangalore www.itm.edu/

Indian Institute Of Pharma Marketing Lucknow www.iipm.co.in

Symbiosis Institute Of Business Management (SIBM) Pune www.sibm.edu

Narsee Monjee Institute Of Management Studies (NMIMS) Mumbai www.nmims.edu

Indian School Of Business Hyderbad www.isb.edu.





Details of Courses Offered by these respective colleges are:

IIM Ahmedabad

IIM Ahmedabad offers a post-graduate programme in management for executives. The minimum qualification required is a good GMAT score, a good academic record and substantial work experience (around 8 years) showing some evidence of a supervisory/managerial experience in an organisation. Leadership potential is also considered. The programme has a general management focus, with emphasis on managing across borders and cultures. Besides teaching content drawn from other countries, it also has an international project. Moreover, it offers placement assistance to non-sponsored applicants.

http://www.iimahd.ernet.in/latest/pgpxone.htm

IIM Banglore

The Institute's Executive Education Programmes comprises of Open Programmes, International Programmes and Customized Programmes. It offers a mix of General Management and Specialised Programmes. IIMB has tie-ups with top international business schools for joint executive development programmes. The International Masters Programme in Practicing Management (IMPM) is a cooperative venture of business schools in the five countries of Canada, UK, France, India and Japan. It also offers a six weeks’ full time residential programme in Financial Risk Management. The programme is targeted towards executives working for banks and financial institutions in the treasury division (front office and mid-office) and risk management group. The programme promises to be extremely useful to software professionals involved in risk management services and products.

http://www.iimb.ernet.in/iimb/html/m-frames.jsp?ilink=107&pname=eep-overview.htm

IIM Calcutta

Offering around nineteen long-duration executive education programmes on both regular attendances as well as through satellite based education system; IIM Calcutta becomes the obvious choice for many who wish to add to their knowledge bank. The programme consists of a combination of in-campus and off-campus components spread over one year, covering a wide range of subjects under a common brand“IIMC Long Duration”. Designed exclusively for managers, working at the top, senior, middle or beginner management levels, the programmes include Executive Programme for Management of Information Companies, Programme on Management of Media Business, Executive Programme on Management of Financial Services Business, Programme on Management of Retailing and Distribution business.

http://www.iimcal.ac.in/edp/ld.asp


XLRI, Jamshedpur

XLRI offers a 3 year Executive Postgraduate Diploma in Business Management. The curriculum is similar to that of the BM programme and is recognized by AICTE as equivalent to an MBA. Eligible candidates should have a bachelor’s degree and should be employed in a full time job with 3 years of relevant managerial experience. Organised in 8 visits across thirty months, the programme expects the participants to stay on campus for about twenty days each during these visits to complete the course requirements. They are also expected to do additional work as carry-home projects and assignments. Apart from examinations, a student's performance is assessed on the basis of class participation, preparation of periodic assignments, mid-term tests and surprise quizzes. The institute also extends its campus placement facility to the participants of Exec-PGP.
http://www.xlri.ac.in/scripts/academicprograms.php

Indian School of Business, Hyderabad
Offers an Executive MBA Programme for Senior Executives called PGPMAX. Selection: No specific test on own decision basing on certain parameters of the candidate.
Course Fee: 21.5 lacs.
Contact Details: 040-2318770
Email: pgpmax@isb.edu.

Website: www.isb.edu.

S P Jain Institute of Management and Research,
Mumbai: Offers an Executive MBA programme. Selection: CAT/XAT/GMAT.
Contact Details: 022-26237454/2401,
Email: admissionspgpm@spjimr.org.
Website: www.pgpm.co.in.
Course Fee: Rs. 7.5 Lakhs + Hostel Fee + Cost of International project / Course( Approx.3Lakhs)

Symbiosis Institute of Business Management (SIBM)
Pune: Offers a 30 month Executive MBA (General Management) programme (held on weekends). Admissions are based on a self conducted written test.No of seats: 100.,Also has one year diploma Course held on weekends offering various specializations.
Contact Details: 020-39116000/002,
Email: admission@sibm.edu.
Website: www.sibm.edu

Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies (NMIMS): Offers a Management Programme for Executives(EPGDBM).Duration: 15 months.
Admissions: NMAT followed by GD/PI.
Contact Details: 080-40855555,
Email: enquiry@nmims.edu,
Website: www.nmims.edu

IICT Lucknow

The institute offers a One-year Executive Masters diploma in business management, marketing management, finance management ,Retail , IT ,CRM, Pharma , Hospital Management ,Foreign Trade, Banking , Insurance and human resources management, through distance learning mode. Admissions are open throughout year. The basic qualification for the programme is a bachelor’s degree (10+2+3) with minimum three years of work experience.

http://www.iict.in/mbaexecutive.htm

ITM Executive Education Centers
A variety of programmes are offered in finance, IT, Management, International Business, Retail Management, Acturial Sciences, Hospitality - Masters and Ph.D programmes, through centers located in Mumbai, Chennai, Hyderabad& Raipur. MBA and other Masters programs are offered in collaboration with the institute’s academic partner, Southern New Hampshire University, USA. Classes are conducted on weekday evenings and weekends allowing students to plan their class schedules around their work lives. Exemptions are given for post graduate work already taken by students possessing advanced academic or professional qualifications such as M.Com., M. Sc., LLM, ACA, ACS, AICWA, etc..
http://www.itm.edu/index.htm


Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU)
IGNOU has launched a four-year B.Tech programme in Mechanical Engineering, the eligibility for which is a 3 year diploma in Mechanical/ Electrical/ Electronics /Agriculture/Computer/ Civil Engineering from a recognized Polytechnic or its equivalent. Moreover, people who have completed the first year courses of B.Tech. degreee programme from a recognized Institute/ University, also stand as eligible candidates. They may apply for credit transfer as per IGNOU rules. The university also offers MBA - Banking& Finance. Candidate should be a member of Institute of Bankers, should have passed the CAIIB examination and should be a graduate working in the banking or financial services sector for at least two years
http://www.ignou.ac.in/

Indian Institute of Pharmaceutical Marketing
The institute offers a One-year Executive Masters diploma in business administration, pharma management , Product management,Production Management , Pharma marketing ,marketing management, finance management ,Retail , Hospital Management ,Foreign Trade, and human resources management, through distance learning mode. Admissions are open throughout year. The basic qualification for the programme is a bachelor’s degree (10+2+3) with minimum three years of work experience.
http://www.iipm.co.in/Emba.htm

Admission Procedure to the Top B Schools in India

Most top India Business Schools have an admission process similar to that of the IIMs




1. CAT - The Written Test / Entrance Exam

All B-Schools in India have a written aptitude test as the first stage of screening applicants. The six IIMs conduct a Common Admission Test (CAT), usually on the third Sunday of every November. S.P. Jain Mumbai, Management Development Institute (MDI) Gurgaon, NITIE Bombay and many other business schools and MBA colleges base their selection on CAT scores as well as few on XAT Scores. Other popular written tests in India include the XAT (Xavier Admission Test) conducted by XLRI Jamshedpur conducts and this score is a criterion for admission to S.P. Jain Mumbai, XLRI Jamshedpur ,XIM Bhubaneswar, BIM Trichy, LIBA Chennai, XIME Bangalore, Goa Institute of Management and score of other business schools. FMS Delhi, IIFT Delhi and the Schools of Management, IIT (Joint Management Entrance Test or JMET) have their own respective tests.

The written test, the first stage of elimination, tests a student's ability to perform under pressure. The areas of testing include basic mathematics taught till Class X, English taught during the first year of graduation and analytical & logical reasoning. The written test is the most difficult step in getting into a top B-School in India. Most of the elimination takes place at this stage.




2. B School Application Essays and Reference Letters

Application Essays are an integral part of most top B Schools selection process. While only those shortlisted based on their written scores in CAT are expected to write these essays in the case of the IIMs, some other top management institutes in India such as the SP Jain ask you to write many essays at the first stage itself. In the case of SP Jain, your application essays play a crucial role in getting shortlisted for the next round - viz., group interviews. However, in the case of the IIMs, they could form the basis for the interview process. IIM Bangalore, in the recent past, requires those aspirants who have cleared CAT and been shortlisted for the GD-PI to produce three letters of reference.

3. Group Discussions / Personal Interviews - GD / PI

Based on the performance in the written test, students are short listed for a Group Discussion and Personal Interview. At the IIMs, anyone who is shortlisted for the GD PI process attends both the group discussion and the personal interview. GD is not an elimination stage at the IIMs. However, other b schools could have the GD as an elimination process. In SPJain the next level of elimination happens after a profile based elimination process. After profile based selection, the students are shortlisted for group interviews, where both GD topics and interviews happen in a group of 8-10 students.




4. Admission

Admission is usually offered based on the cumulative scores of written test, GD / PIs, and work experience (in some cases). Admission notification from top B Schools start from the second week of March and continue till the end of April. Many of the management institutes also have a waitlist of candidates which gets updated based on the number of students in the first list who accept offers made to them.

Top Indian Management Institutes for MBA, PGDM

List of the best business schools in India offering PGP and Doctoral programs

• Indian Institute Of Management,(IIM) Ahmedabad
• Indian Institute Of Management,(IIM) Bangalore
• Indian Institute Of Management,(IIM) kolkatta
• Xavier Labour Research Institute, XLRI Jamhedpur
• Indian School Of Business Hydrebad
• Indian Institute Of Management,(IIM) Lucknow
• Indian Institute Of Management,(IIM) Indore
• Indian Institute Of Management,(IIM) Kozhikode
• Faculty of Management Studies (FMS) Delhi
• S.P. Jain institute of Management and Research Mumbai
• Jamnalal Bajaj Institute of Management Studies, Mumbai (JBIMS) Mumbai
• Schools of Management, IIT (Mumbai, Delhi, Chennai
• Management Development Institute, (MDI) Gurgaon
• Xavier Institute of Management, (XIM B) Bhubaneswar
• Symbiosis Center for Management & Human Resources Development (SCMHRD) Pune
• Institute of Management & Technology(IMT) Ghaziabad
• International Management Institute, Delhi (IMI) Delhi
• Mudra Institute of Communications, (MICA) Ahmedabad
• Indian Institute of Foreign Trade, (IIFT) Delhi
• T. A. Pai Management Institute, (TAPMI) Manipal
• Loyola Institute of Business Administration,(LIBA) Chennai
• Institute of Rural Management, (IRMA) Anand
• Institute of Management Development Research, (IMDR) Pune

 Details of Courses Offered by these respective colleges are:

  

Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad (IIM A)

 

Ranked amongst the top most business schools in India and Asia. The institute offers four programmes in Management. The PGP - Post Graduate Program (equivalent to MBA), the FPM - Fellowship Program in Management(equivalent to Ph.D), the FDP - Faculty Development Program for Management teachers and Trainers and the MDP - Management Development Program - a refresher for middle and top level managers. Admission process for PGP and FPM of IIM Ahamedabad involves taking the Common Admission Test (CAT) followed by group discussion and interviews for short listed candidates.

 

 

Indian Institute of Management, Bangalore (IIM B)

 

IIM Bangalore offers two year full time PGP - Post Graduate Program in Management (equivalent to MBA) and a FPM - Fellowship Program in Management. Both these programs require the candidate to take CAT. The institute also offers part time non residential PGSM - Post Graduate Program in Software Enterprise Management. There is a separate entrance test for this program. This business school is ranked amongst the top three business schools in the country.

 

 

Indian Institute of Management, Calcutta (IIM C) Kolkatta

 

Ranked amongst the most prestigious business schools in India and Asia. The institute offers three full time programs. The PGDM - Post Graduate Program in Management (equivalent to MBA), the FPM - Fellowship Program in Management, the PGDCM - Post Graduate Diploma in Computer Aided Management. All three programs require the candidate to take CAT. The institute also offer part time PGDBM - Post Graduate Diploma in Business Management for managers with relevant work experience. In addition, MDP - Management Development Programs are held in regular intervals for middle and top level managers.

 

 XLRI - Xavier Labour Research Institute, Jamshedpur

 

Xavier Labour Research Institute, popularly known as XLRI was established in 1949 at Jamshedpur. The institute offers two courses at the post graduation level in management - a post graduate diploma in Business administration and a post graduate diploma in Personnel Management and Industrial Relations (PMIR). Online version of the brochure is also available. In 2001, the average salary (including foreign offers) soared by 70% (over last year) to a whopping Rs.8.06 lakhs per annum. The offers in the Business Management program averaged at an awe-inspiring Rs.9.71 lakhs and in the Personnel Management program at Rs. 6.5 lakhs. And these exclude ESOPs and other means of compensation.

 

 

ISB - Indian School of Business, Hyderabad

 

Indian School of Business, Hyderabad is emerging as a preferred choice for MBA aspirants who want to pack in the program into a one year course. As it gradually builds up its permanent faculty base, the ISB has created a unique and sustainable visiting faculty model with some of the world's leading academicians from Wharton, Kellogg, Harvard, Stanford, Chicago, Duke and Texas among others. The school offers a one year Post Graduate Program in Management.

 

 Indian Institute of Management, Lucknow (IIM L)

 

IIM Lucknow offers a two year full time residential PGP - Post Graduate Program in Management and a four year FPM program. Both these programs require a candidate to take CAT. The institute also has an interesting student exchange program where students of this B-School go to premier B-Schools the world over and do part of their education. Students and faculty from these internationally reputed B-Schools in turn visit IIM Lucknow. It is ranked amongst the top five B-Schools in India.

 

 FMS - Faculty of Management Studies, University of Delhi

 

FMS is amongst the top 10 B-Schools in the country and probably one of the two attached to a university amongst the top ten. The full time program of FMS started in 1967. The whole outgoing batch of 2002 was placed within a span of 2 days. There were 8 foreign offers including British American Tobacco (BAT), OLAM and QAI among others.

 

 Indian Institute of Management, Indore (IIM I)

 

The Indian Institute of Management, Indore (IIMI) is the latest addition to the IIM community. IIMI has a two-year post graduate programme emphasizing on Experiential learning, IT orientation, and Social Sensitivity. The construction of the new campus is progressing at a rapid pace and IIMI plans to operate out of the new campus from June 2003. IIM-I offers the following programs viz., (a) The Post Graduate Programme (PGP), a two year programme (b) Management Development Programme. These are held throughout the year. (c) Faculty Development Programme (FDP) is designed to assist in the development of teachers, researchers, and trainers for management education and (d) Executive Post-Graduate Programme (Exe-PGP) a 18-months programme, designed for working executives.

 

 

 Indian Institute of Management, Kozhikode (IIM K - Calicut)

 

Established in 1996, The Indian Institute of Management Kozhikode, IIMK is the fifth Indian Institute of Management. Its academic programmes encompass a range of long term full time diploma programmes such as the Post Graduate Programme in Management, and a number of short duration executive education programmes. The institute also offers an "Interactive Distance Learning Programme"

Tips on how to ace a Group Discussion

Group discussion topics are generic in nature and would be generally known to each participant, as the objective of GD is not to test the ability of the individual on the subject being discussed, but GD is the test the soft skills of the candidate and these are skills which are not known with written test or by interviews




GD is the test of leadership, how a person put forward his thoughts, how does he takes up the point of view of others, how does he motivates the other members in the group to participate in discussion, how to lead the group from and settle with the opposite side (view point),how effectively and precisely he puts his point of view, How is handles the group mannerisms, How does he summarise and conclude the topic, how is he able to assimilate thoughts as well as be an active licener.

We would suggest that one should not worry about the in depth of his/her knowledge of the subject, but rather give importance to group dynamic skills.




- Take some time to effective think on the broad points to be discussed

- Estimate the time requirements

- Try to start the topic, If you seem to be confident

- If not confident, wait until the group starts the discussion so that you understand the topic and then take ahead.

- Give your view point of view in brief and through the discussion/ give opportunity to others.

Listen carefully , attentively to others,

motivate passive ones in between interrupting(politely) to those who are trying to dominate the group so as others who are hesitating in the discussion could also participate- this will ensure that people look forward for you to take the control of the entire discussion

always ensure to make points assertively and not aggressively..there by making it not so controversial

- if your point of view is being negated by most of the members , accept with humility with some strong reasons as your personal opinion, however you could think otherwise as well

- if your point of view is accepted by the group, cheers, give some consolation to your opponents, and say as this is their point of view but afraid to accept as group view.

- In a discussion do not be harsh, Remember, its a discussion and not a debate hence be polite and humble, and do listen carefully to your peers.

Puzzle- How to Write four inside five

FIVE

puzzles- Interviews

Institutes offering MBA in Event Management

Event management is fast catching up as a preferred career option nowadays. It is a hot topic at most of the career discussion seminars and meets. If you are ready to get acclamation by managing things behind-the-scenes, you can achieve success in Event Management. This career choice is attracting the youth as it involves the thrill of arranging and organizing an event coupled with a good earning. Read on to get career guidance on how an MBA in Event Management can take you towards a successful career.




As far as the educational qualification is concerned, you are required to have a graduation degree. An MBA degree holder in Event Management definitely gets preference over others. However, practical experience holds more value and if you have organized events and cultural festivals in your school or college it can prove to be a bonus.

Event Management basically consists of two parts: Logistics management and marketing. The first part includes managing the venue, celebrities, audience, judges and promotions etc. On the other hand, the second part includes getting sponsorships for the event and promoting it through media. The syllabus for MBA in Event Management includes:




• Principles & Practices of Management

• Economics

• Human Resources Management

• Organizational Behavior

• Business English

• Finance Management

• International Law

• Marketing Management

• Managerial Economics

• Strategic Management

• Management Information Systems (MIS)

• International Trade Management

• Accounting for Managers




Event Management has a bright future and is a monetarily rewarding career. An MBA in Event Management will surely help you get a good start in a reputed Event Management company. Following is the list of institutes in India that offer Event Management courses. You can get the rest of the details online or by personally contacting them.

• Amity Institute of Event Management, AKC House, E-27, Defence Colony, New Delhi – 110 024, Ph: 24621960, 24699700, Fax : 24625956,24623317,

• Event Management Development Institute, IES Management College, 4th Floor 791, S.K. Marg, opp.Lilavati Hospital, Bandra (W), Mumbai_400 050,Ph:+91 22 2655 0808, 2642 7171,

• Indian Institute of Event Management,144 Laxmi Plaza, New Linking Road, Andheri West, Mumbai

• Indian Institute of Management,D-3,Defence Colony,NewDelhi-110 048

• International Center for Event Marketing,6/14,II Floor, Sarvapriya Vihar, New Delhi-110 016

• International Institute of Event Management, SNDT Women’s University, Juhu Campus, Juhu Tara Road, Santacruz (W), Mumbai-400 049,Ph:+91 22 26608045

• National Institute of Event Management, Ground Floor, Nandavan Buliding, Corner of Vallabhbhai Road & Ansari Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai-400 056, Ph:+01 22 2671 6676, 2628

Event management is a very challenging field but with experience and dedication you are bound to succeed and earn more. A fresher can easily earn anything starting from Rs. 8,000. There is no upper limit as you can earn boundless with patience and hard work.

Skills/ dimensions measured - Consultant/Associate/Analyst

SKILLS/ DIMENSIONS MEASURED during Behavioral  interview for the role of  Consultant/Associate/Analyst are:

Technology Application/Utilization:

•  Possess skills and knowledge common to the communications industry
• Reflect the ability to grasp new concepts
• Demonstrate skills necessary to implement complex technical solutions
• Apply technical knowledge to solve problems

 Communication:

•  Convey information in a manner that is understandable and persuasive
• Be able to identify and remedy situations when the audience has not understood the message
• Be willing and able to repeat or rephrase explanations
• Question and probe others to obtain information or to identify their underlying needs

 Planning/Organization:

•  Plan work to maximize efficiency (in time and resources) and minimize downtime
• Recognize priorities and balance conflicting demands
• Identify desired outcomes and determine steps needed to achieve them
• Structure work activities to ensure that work is done efficiently and effectively

 Problem Solving:

•  Seek out and collect relevant information to solve problems and achieve goals
• Be able to systematically collect information to aid in making decisions
• Take advantage of available resources
• Be able to gather information and extract relevant data and apply it to a problem in order to develop a solution

SKILLS/ DIMENSIONS MEASURED- Sales Agent

SKILLS/ DIMENSIONS MEASURED

The skills meausred during Behavioral  interview for the role of Sales agent are

 Sales Ability:

•  Promote ideas and shape opinions while overcoming resistance
• Show confidence even after a hard refusal/rejection
• Focus on achieving goals
• Present compelling rationale to gain acceptance for ideas and plans

 Communication:

•  Convey information in a manner that is understandable and persuasive
• Be able to identify and remedy situations when the audience has not understood the message
• Be willing and able to repeat or rephrase explanations
• Question and probe others to obtain information or to identify their underlying needs

 Flexibility/Multitasking:

•  Recognize priorities and balance conflicting demands
• Identify desired outcomes and determine steps needed to achieve them
• Structure work activities to ensure that work is done efficiently and effectively
• Organize their work activities to meet the requirements of the job
• Posses the ability to perform multiple activities at the same time

Tips for preparing for BEHAVIORAL INTERVIEWS

TIPs for Preparating - while attending behavioral interviews

 

• Research the business unit or department.
• Become familiar with the products, services, structure, competitors, reputation, and any recent significant changes.
• Review the job description to understand the skills required.

• Do research on yourself as well.
• Know why you want the job.
• Review your resume.
• Identify transferable skills, key accomplishments, work style, and personal and professional strengths. Remind yourself of specific experiences that exemplify these skills and strengths.

• Be able to express the unique marketable skills you have to offer.
• Prepare a list of four or five questions about the department or position.
• Get a good nights’ rest.
• Know the exact place and time of the meeting.
• Allow plenty of time to get to the interview and plan to arrive early.

 Try to arrive at the location at least 15 minutes before your scheduled test time to give yourself time to relax before the interview begins.

 

Tips To Do your BEST

 

•  Listen carefully, and feel free to ask for clarification before answering a question.
• Take a moment to formulate your answers before you speak.
• Project energy and enthusiasm.
• Be honest while focusing on communicating your professional achievements. Bring extra resumes, a notepad, and a pen.
• Be polite to everyone you meet at the interview.
• Do not chew gum, swear, or use slang.
• Thank the interviewer for their time. Within a day, send a written thank you note via e-mail or regular mail.
• If the interview is face-to-face:
• Look your professional best.
• Be conservative in your use of fragrance, cosmetics, and jewelry. Make eye contact with the interviewer.
• Be aware of the interviewer’s body language and other non-verbal cues.

 

 

 

Sample Behavioral interview questions

SAMPLE BEHAVIORAL INTERVIEW QUESTIONS


• Tell me about a time when you were on a team, and one of the members wasn’t doing his or her share.

• Tell me about a time when you felt a need to update your skills or knowledge in order to keep up with the changes in technology. How did you approach that?

• Describe a time when a customer got angry with you. How did you react? How did you resolve the situation?

• Please give me an example of a time when you took the initiative to improve a specific work process.

• Give me an example of a time when you surpassed a customer’s expectations.

• Tell me about a time when a customer requested special treatment that was out of the scope of normal procedures. What was the situation and how did you handle it?

• Describe a time when you had to use logic and good judgment to solve a problem.

• Tell me about a time when you had to cope with a stressful situation.

• Give me an example of a time when you had to make a split second decision.

• Give me an example of a time when you used your fact-finding skills to solve a problem.

• Describe a time when you put your needs aside to help a co-worker understand a task. How did you assist them? What was the result?

Behavioral interview - Approach

What is Behavioral interview

 

A behavioral interview is a structured interview that is used to collect information about past behavior. Because past performance is a predictor of future behavior, a behavioral interview attempts to uncover your past performance by asking open-ended questions.

 

What is the approach to tackle Behavioral interview
   As you prepare to answer each question, consider organizing your response by answering each of the     following components of the STAR technique:

•  What was the Situation in which you were involved?
•  What was the Task you needed to accomplish?
• What Action(s) did you take?
• What Results did you achieve?

 

 

Electronics -Interview Qts-10

Interview Questions- MBA Admissions- Job Interviews


                 - Electronics and Communication, Applied Electronics

• Define Transponders


Transponder: An automatic device that receives, amplifies, and retransmits a signal on a different frequency (see also broadcast translator).

• what is Moore's Law?

The prediction by Gordon Moore -cofounder of the Intel Corporation that the number of transistors on a microprocessor would double periodically -approximately every 18 months.

• Explain Superhyterodyne reciever.

Superhyterodyne system, the incoming signal is mixed with a local oscillator to produce sum and difference frequency components. The lower frequency difference component called the intermediate frequency (IF), is separated from the other components by fixed tuned amplifier stages set to the intermediate frequency. The tuning of the local oscillator is mechanically ganged to the tuning of the signal circuit or radio frequency (RF) stages so that the difference intermediate frequency is always the same fixed value.

• What are the different types of filters?

low pass, high pass, band pass, band stop, resonant

• What is impulse response?

Impulse response of a system is its output when presented with a very brief input signal, an impulse. A system in the class known as LTI systems (linear, time-invariant systems) is completely characterized by its impulse response. The Laplace transform of the impulse response function is known as the transfer function. It is usually easier to analyze systems using transfer functions as opposed to impulse response functions. The Laplace transform of a system's output may be determined by the multiplication of the transfer function with the input function in the complex plane, also known as the frequency domain. An inverse Laplace transform of this result will yield the output function in the time domain. To determine an output function directly in the time domain requires the convolution of the input function with the impulse response function.

• What do you mean by half-duplex and full-duplex communication? Explain briefly.

Half duplex - both sender & receiver can communicate with each other, but not simultaneously Full duplex - both sender & receiver can communicate with each other, simultaneous communication is also possible"

• What is RS in RS-232 ?

RS-232(Recommended Standard 232) is a standard for communication between devices, such as a modem and computer

• whats Farrady's law

Any change in the magnetic environment of a coil of wire will cause a voltage (emf) to be "induced" in the coil.The change could be produced by changing the magnetic field strength, moving a magnet toward or away from the coil, moving the coil into or out of the magnetic field, rotating the coil relative to the magnet, etc.

• What is Lenz law ?

When an emf is generated by a change in magnetic flux, the polarity of the induced emf is such that it produces a current whose magnetic field opposes the change which produces it.

• What is Transmission Frequency of Bluetooth, Wi-Fi and Wi-MAX ?


Bluetooth - 2.4 GHtz,

Wi-Fi - 2.4 Ghz to 5 Ghz

Wi-Max-10 to 66GHz"

• What type of architecture is used in 8085 microprocessor?

Von-Neumann architecture

• How many states does signal has ?

There are 3 states in a signal: on state, off state, tri state

• which software is used to design a software IC using VHDL

Altera

• Why are nand gates and NOR gates called Universal gates

Becoz using these 2 gates any other type of gates can be made

• What is Vcc? Why is it called so

Vcc -Common collector voltage, plus collector supply line voltage in a common NPN circuit. Vcc is positive supply voltage for BJT collectors, and Vdd is +ve supply for FET drains. Vee For BJT emitters, and Vss for FET sources. "

• what is the difference between Mealy and Moore

In Mealy machines the o/p is a function of the current state and the inputs whereas In Moore machines the o/p a function of current state only

• what is 555 and why is it named so

555 Timer is used to produce accurate and stable time delays ranging from microseconds to hours.inside the 555 timer, there are 3 resistors used in series all the 3 resistors used are same and are 5k ohm resistors..so its called 555 timer..

• whats Shannon's source coding theorm

Source coding theorem is stated as follows:Given a discrete memoryless source of entropy H(p), the average code-word length L for any source encoding is bounded as L >= H(p)

• where is shannos/source coding used

This is basically used for Data Compression using different codes but following this rule.

• Difference between FIR and IIR filters

"Finite impulse response and infinite impulse response filters finite impulse response settles to zero in a finite number of sample intervals. This is in contrast to infinite impulse response (IIR) filters, which have internal feedback and may continue to respond indefinitely FIR filters are always stable but IIR may or may not be stable

Electronics - Interview Qts- 9

Interview Questions- MBA Admissions- Job Interviews

                        - Electronics and Communication, Applied Electronics

• what is the difference between SCR and diode rectifier?


Diode is a 2 terminal device, in scr gate controls the rectifing.SCR is used in High frequency applications but diode is low freuency devices, SCR can be in high temparatures but not diode.

• What is Race-around problem? How can you rectify it?

A condition in logic network in which the difference in propagation times through two or more signal paths in the network can produce an erroneous output.in jk flip flop race around problem will occur when both the inputs are high. it can be prevented by using master slave jk flip flop

• What is the basic difference between Latches and Flip flops?

latch works without clock signal,but works with a control signal and it is level triggered device.whereas flip flop is a 1 bit storage element and works with a clock signal.its a edge triggered device. normally latches are avoided and flip flops are preferred.

• what is Barkhausen Criterion?

-the magnitude of loop gain must be unity

- the total prase shift around the closed loop is zero or 360 degrees

• what are active Components?

ACTIVE COMPONENTS The components which produce the energy in the form of current or voltage are called as active components.Example:transistors etc,.

• what are Passive Components?

• PASSIVE COMPONENTS-The components which stores the energy in the form of current or voltage are called as passive components.example:inductors,resistors,capacitors etc"

• Define voltage source

Ideal voltage source is a circuit element where the voltage across it is independent of the current through it. It only exists in mathematical models of circuits. If the voltage across an ideal voltage source can be specified independently of any other variable in a circuit, it is called an independent voltage source.

• Define CMRR

Common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR) of a differential amplifier (or other device) measures the tendency of the device to reject input signals common to both input leads. A high CMRR is important in applications where the signal of interest is represented by a small voltage fluctuation superimposed on a (possibly large) voltage offset, or when relevant information is contained in the voltage difference between two signals.

• Define S/N ratio

Signal-to-noise ratio (often abbreviated SNR or S/N) defined as the ratio of a signal power to the noise power corrupting the signal. In less technical terms, signal-to-noise ratio compares the level of a desired signal (such as music) to the level of background noise. The higher the ratio, the less obtrusive the background noise is.

• Whats BUS

BUS: In computer architecture, a bus is a subsystem that transfers data between computer components inside a computer or between computers. Unlike a point-to-point connection, a bus can logically connect several peripherals over the same set of wires. Each bus defines its set of connectors to physically plug devices, cards or cables together. Early computer buses were literally parallel electrical buses with multiple connections, but the term is now used for any physical arrangement that provides the same logical functionality as a parallel electrical bus.

• what are pull-up registers

Pull-up resistors are resistors used in the design of electronic logic circuits to ensure that inputs to logic systems settle at expected logic levels if external devices are disconnected. Pull-up resistors may also be used at the interface between two different types of logic devices, possibly operating at different power supply voltages.

• Where are pull-up regsiters used.

The idea of a pullup resistor is that it weakly "pulls" the voltage of the wire it's connected to towards 5V (or whatever voltage represents a logic "high"). However, the resistor is intentionally weak (high-resistance) enough that, if something else strongly pulls the wire toward 0V, the wire will go to 0V.

Electronics - Interview Qts-8

Interview Questions- MBA Admissions- Job Interviews

               - Electronics and Communication, Applied Electronics

• What is the diffrence between a UPS and an inverter?


"The basic difference in layman's terms is: While both provide backup power during mains outage, with the UPS the switch is instantaneous whereas with the Inverter there is a gap of a second or two. This gap is OK for household gadgets such as lights, fans, fridge, etc. but not OK for computers. In technical terms:UPS: The mains power comes to the UPS. The AC is converted to DC and this DC is constantly charging the battery. The output of the battery is fed to the Sine wave inverter and it converts DC to AC and this feeds the equipment. Since power out is always drawn from the battery, there is no time lag when mains swicthes off; it justs stops the battery from being charged and the UPS continues to supply power till the battery runs out. Inverter: The mains power comes to the Inverter. This is directly sent to the output but the AC is also converted to DC and this DC is constantly charging the battery. A sensor and relay mechanism checks whether the mains is ON or OFF. When the main switches OFF, the relay actuator triggers to switch from mains to inverter. Rest is same like the UPS. Because of this sensor and relay, there is a gap between triggering. UPS involves more costly circuitary and is therefor more expensive to make and sell."

• what is fuzzy Logic?

Fuzzy logic is basically about dealing with not only 0 or 1 but also values in between them i.e.floating values

• How many type of resistances are there in a diode

Two, one when forward biased have zero resistance and the other when reverse biased has infinite resistance

· Why a MOSFET is preferred over a transistor?   
A MOSFET is very small in size as compared to a transistor and its biasing is easier as compared to latter.


• Why biasing is required in a transistor?

Biasing is required to get the loadline and the operating point of a transistor.Moreover different regions are achieved through different biasing types.

• How different regions are got and what are those regions?Explain taking a Common Base connection.

Transistor can be biased in 3 different types to get three different regions-Active region,Saturation Region,Cut-off Region

• Explain Active Region- Explain taking a Common Base connection.

Active Region-:Emitter is forward biased and collector is reverse biased

• Cut-off Region- Explain taking a Common Base connection.

Cut-off Region-:Both emitter and collector are reverse biased

• Saturation region:-Explain taking a Common Base connection.

Saturation region:Both emitter and collector are forward biased

• What is a tunnel diode ?

Tunnel diode was invented by Esaki and its different from the normal diode in terms of the doping concentration as in 1part of doping is present in 10^3 atoms whereas in normal diode it is 1 part in 10^8 atoms. It is basically used for very fast switching response.

• Why is a common collector called an emitter follower..?


In this configuration the voltage gain is equal to unity and hence a change in base voltage appeears as an equal change across the load at the emitter.Thus the emitter follows the input signal. The most common use of this circuit is to use as a buffer stage which functions as resistance transformation from high to low resistance.

Electronics - Interview Qts-7

Interview Questions- MBA Admissions- Job Interviews
                  - Electronics and Communication, Applied Electronics

• Define virtual ground


Virtual ground (sometimes called virtual earth) is an important concept found in electronic circuit designs. It identifies a point in a circuit as being held close to the circuit's ground or reference level electric potential. It is called virtual since this point does not have any real electrical connection to ground. The reference may or may not be the same as the local utility ground or earth

• Define real ground

Real ground: Voltage is a differential quantity, which appears between two points. In order to deal only with a voltage (an electrical potential) of a single point, the second point has to be connected to a reference point (ground) having usually zero voltage. This point has to have steady potential, which does not vary when the electrical sources "attack" the ground by "injecting" or "sucking" a current to/from it. Usually, the power supply terminals serve as grounds; when the internal points of compound power sources are accessible, they can also serve as real grounds

• whatis intersymbol interference ans:


In telecommunication, intersymbol interference (ISI) means a form of distortion of a signal that causes the previously transmitted symbols to have an effect on the currently received symbol. This is usually an unwanted phenomenon as the previous symbols have similar effect as noise, thus making the communication less reliable. ISI is usually caused by echoes or non-linear frequency response of the channel. Ways to fight against intersymbol interference include adaptive equalization or error correcting codes (especially soft-decoding with Viterbi algorithm).

• Why crystal is a preferred clock source?


Because of high stability, large Q (Quality Factor) & the frequency that doesn’t drift with aging. Crystal is used as a clock source most of the times.

• What does Quality factor mean?

The Quality factor is also defined, as Q. So it is a number, which reflects the lossness of a circuit. Higher the Q, the lower are the losses.

• What is DTMF


Dual-tone multi-frequency signaling (DTMF) is used for telecommunication signaling over analog telephone lines in the voice-frequency band between telephone handsets and other communications devices and the switching center.

• whats channel coding theorem


Channel coding theorem says "Let a discrete memoryless scource with an alphabet p have entropy H(p) and produce symbols once every Ts seconds. "Let a memoryless channel have capacity C and be used once every Tc seconds. Then if H(p)/Ts <= C/Tc there exists a coding scheme for which the source output can be transmitted over the channel and reconstructed with very small error."

• where is channel coding theorem used

This is basically used for Error Detection.

• what is Hoffman coding

Hoffman code is a source code whose average word length approaches the fundamental limit set by the entropy of a discrete memoryless source.It is optimum in the sense that it follows Source coding very closely

• What is Time Convolution theorem

Time convolution theorem: Convolution in time domain = Multiplicaiton in Frequency domain x1(t) * x2(t) <---> X1(w) x X2(w) --

• What is Frequency Convolution theorem

"Frequency Convolution theorem :Convolution in freuqncy domain = 2pi x Multiplication in time domain X1(w) * X2(w) <---> 2pi x x1(t) x x2(t)"

Electronics - Interview Qts-6

Interview Questions- MBA Admissions- Job Interviews

              - Electronics and Communication, Applied Electronics

• Distinguish between Angle modulation and Amplitude modulation.


In amplitude Modulation as the amplitude of given signal varies, the amplitude of carrier signal also varies in the same way.In angle modulation, the frequency or phase may vary according to the amplitude of given signal"

• What is Biasing?

Biasing is a process of connecting dc voltage to a device by which we can select the operating point of the device. by biasing actually we select the operating point of the device.

• What do you mean by 3 dB cutoff frequency? Why is it 3 dB, not 1 dB?

3db implies 70%(o.7o7) of the power,i'e we r interested to consider the bandwidth range from peak to 70% b'coz uptp 70% its reliable.hence 3db is called as half power freq. 3db value is the mean square value which is 70% of the maximum value.

• What is meant by pre-emphasis


Pre-emphasis -Improving the signal to noise ratio by increasing the magnitude of higher frequency signals with respect to lower frequency signal"

• What is meant by de-emphasis?

De-emphasis-Improving the signal to noise ratio by decreasing the magnitude of higher frequency signals with respect to lower frequency signals"

• What is sampling theorem?

It is defined as the sampling frequency should be greater than or equal to twice the sampling frequency then we can generate the original signal if the condition does not satisfy we get the signal in the distorted mannerit is given as ( fs >/ 2 fs)

• Explian FIR filters


Finite impulse response (FIR) filter is a type of a digital filter. The impulse response, the filter's response to a Kronecker delta input, is 'finite' because it settles to zero in a finite number of sample intervals. This is in contrast to infinite impulse response filters which have internal feedback and may continue to respond indefinitely.

• Quote few examples of FIR Filters

A FIR filter has a number of useful properties which sometimes make it preferable to an infinite impulse response filter. FIR filters: Are inherently stable. This is due to the fact that all the poles are located at the origin and thus are located within the unit circle. Require no feedback. This means that any rounding errors are not compounded by summed iterations. The same relative error occurs in each calculation. They can be designed to be linear phase, which means the phase change is proportional to the frequency.

• What are IIR filters

Infinite impulse response (IIR) is a property of signal processing systems. They have an impulse response function which is non-zero over an infinite length of time. The simplest analog IIR filter is an RC filter made up of a single resistor (R) feeding into a node shared with a single capacitor (C). This filter has an exponential impulse response characterized by an RC time constant.

• what are Asynchronous transmission


Asynchronous transmission uses start and stop bits to signify the beginning bit ASCII character would actually be transmitted using 10 bits e.g.: A "0100 0001" would become "1 0100 0001 0". The extra one (or zero depending on parity bit) at the start and end of the transmission tells the receiver first that a character is coming and secondly that the character has ended. This method of transmission is used when data is sent intermittently as opposed to in a solid stream. In the previous example the start and stop bits are in bold. The start and stop bits must be of opposite polarity. This allows the receiver to recognize when the second packet of information is being sent.

• what are Synchronous transmission

Synchronous transmission uses no start and stop bits but instead synchronizes transmission speeds at both the receiving and sending end of the transmission using clock signals built into each component. A continual stream of data is then sent between the two nodes. Due to there being no start and stop bits the data transfer rate is quicker although more errors will occur, as the clocks will eventually get out of sync, and the receiving device would have the wrong time that had been agreed in protocol (computing) for sending/receiving data, so some bytes could become corrupted (by losing bits). Ways to get around this problem include re-synchronization of the clocks and use of check digits to ensure the byte is correctly interpreted and received.

Electronics - Interview Qts-5

Interview Questions- MBA Admissions- Job Interviews

                   - Electronics and Communication, Applied Electronics

• What is meant by a bus?


A bus is a group of conducting lines that carriers data, address, & control signals.

• What is Tri-state logic?

Three Logic Levels are used and they are High, Low, High impedance state. The high and low are normal logic levels & high impedance state is electrical open circuit conditions. Tri-state logic has a third line called enable line.

• Give an example of one address microprocessor?

8085 is a one address microprocessor.

• In what way interrupts are classified in 8085?

In 8085 the interrupts are classified as Hardware and Software interrupts.

• examples of Software interrupts?

RST0, RST1, RST2, RST3, RST4, RST5, RST6, RST7.

• EXAMPLES of Hardware interrupts?

TRAP, RST7.5, RST6.5, RST5.5, INTR.

• Which interrupt has the highest priority?

TRAP has the highest priority.

• What is clock frequency for 8085?

3 MHz is the maximum clock frequency for 8085.

• How many interrupts are there in 8085?

There are 12 interrupts in 8085.

• Name 5 different addressing modes?

Immediate, Direct, Register, Register indirect, Implied addressing modes.

• In 8085 which is called as High order / Low order Register?

Flag is called as Low order register & Accumulator is called as High order Register.

Electronics - Interview Qts-4

Interview Questions- MBA Admissions- Job Interviews

                  - Electronics and Communication, Applied Electronics

• Difference between micro processor and microcontroller


Micro controller is a self-contained processing unit. Micro processor is not a self-contained unit. It has ROM, RAM etc

• What are the flags in 8086?

Carry flag, Parity flag, Auxiliary carry flag, Zero flag, Overflow flag, Trace flag, Interrupt flag, Direction flag, and Sign flag.

• What are the various interrupts in 8086??

Maskable interrupts, Non-Maskable interrupts

• What is meant by Maskable interrupts?

An interrupt that can be turned off by the programmer is known as Maskable interrupt.

• Which interrupts are generally used for critical events??

Non-Maskable interrupts are used in critical events Such as Power failure, Emergency, Shut off etc.

• What is the Maximum clock frequency in 8086?

5 Mhz is the Maximum clock frequency in 8086.

• What are the various segment registers in 8086?

Code, Data, Stack, Extra

• Which Stack is used in 8086?

FIFO (First In First Out) stack is used in 8086.In this type of Stack the first stored information is retrieved first.

• What are the various registers in 8085?

Accumulator register, Temporary register, Instruction register, Stack Pointer, Program Counter are the various registers in 8085 .

• What is Stack Pointer

Stack pointer is a special purpose 16-bit register in the Microprocessor, which holds the address of the top of the stack

• What is Program counter?

Program counter holds the address of either the first byte of the next instruction to be fetched for execution or the address of the next byte of a multi byte instruction, which has not been completely fetched. In both the cases it gets incremented automatically one by one as the instruction bytes get fetched. Also Program register keeps the address of the next instruction.

• Which Stack is used in 8085?

LIFO (Last In First Out) stack is used in 8085.In this type of Stack the last stored information can be retrieved first.

Electronics - Interview Qts-3

Interview Questions- MBA Admissions- Job Interviews

                   - Electronics and Communication, Applied Electronics

• What is Yagi-Uda antenna ?


A Yagi-Uda antenna is familiar as the commonest kind of terrestrial TV antenna to be found on the rooftops of houses. It is usually used at frequencies between about 30MHz and 3GHz, or a wavelength range of 10 metres to 10 cm

• What is difference between Piconet and Scatternet ?

"A piconet is the type of connection that is formed between two or more Bluetooth-enabled devices, one device takes the role of 'master', and all other devices assume a 'slave' role for synchronization reasons. Where as a scatternet is a number of interconnected piconets that supports communication between more than 8 devices. Scatternets can be formed when a member of one piconet (either the master or one of the slaves) elects to participate as a slave in a second, separate piconet."

• What is MIMO ?

MIMO- multiple-input and multiple-output, , is the use of multiple antennas at both the transmitter and receiver to improve communication performance. It is one of several forms of smart antenna technology.

• What is VOIP ?

Voice over Internet Protocol (Voice over IP, VoIP) is one of a family of internet technologies, communication protocols, and transmission technologies for delivery of voice communications and multimedia sessions over Internet Protocol (IP) networks, such as the Internet.

• What is EDFA ?

Erbium-doped fiber amplifier. EDFA is an optical repeater device that is used to boost the intensity of optical signals being carried through a fiber optic communications system.

• what do you understand by microwaves? why these are called micro

Micro waves are those waves whose wavelength is less than 30 cms or freq ranging from 1 GHz to 1000 GHz.

• How do microwave oven works??

The main component of microwave oven is magnatron which generates frequency of appox. 2.4 GHz.

• What do you mean by 3 dB cutoff frequency? Why is it 3 dB, not 1 dB?

3dB is the half power value

• What is 2G?


2G is short for second generation wireless telephone technology.It is actually an upgradation of 1G which was analog in nature..but 2G is digital in nature..moreover its penetration in mobile networks is much higher.

• What is 3G?

3G is short for 3rd generation wireless telephone technology. It is a further upgradation of 2G..its data rates are higher and it is supposed to be ranged upto 14 mbps. NTT Docomo of Japan used it first. (After this u may expect questions from Docomo,so i u r aware use this statement)

Many new applications like Mobile TV,Internet Browsing, Video Conf,Tele-Medicine can be used.

• what is 4G?

4th Generation technology. Have very high data rates upto 100Mbps. and can be used for Online Gaming, HDTV viewing,etc..

• Why are video signals amplitude modulated and sound signal frequency modulated in composite video signal.?

Both picture and sound signals from different stations are concentrated within the same range of frequencies. Therefore, radiation from different stations would be hopelessly and inextricably mixed up and it would be impossible to separate one from the other at the receiving end. Thus

in order to be able to separate the intelligence from different stations, it is necessary to translate them all to different portions of the electromagnetic spectrum depending on the carrier frequency assigned to each station. Also the sound signal is frequency modulated because of its inherent merits of interference-free reception.

Electronics - Interview Qts-2

Interview Questions- MBA Admissions- Job Interviews

                - Electronics and Communication, Applied Electronics

• What is the basic difference between Latches and Flip flops?


latches cannot store any information, while Flipflops can

• Difference between GSM and CDMA technology?


CDMA uses same frequency for a number of signals. This is possible because of Analog to digital conversion and then encoded with a random signal. Then decoded at the receiving end using decoding algorithem. Hence lot of ppl can talk wiht out interference...Weere as GSM, the no. of ppl who can share a particular freq is limited. Specturm is divided in frequency and then time slots are allotted....for callers... :Due to spectrum constraints, CDMA which needs less spectrum for the same number of calls, has advantage over GSM. And it's less costly to set up as well.

• What is ZigBee and its specifications ?


"ZigBee is a specification for a suite of high level communication protocols using small, low-power digital radios based on the IEEE 802.15.4-2003 standard for Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (LR-WPANs), such as wireless light switches with lamps, electrical meters with in-home-displays, consumer electronics equipment via short-range radio. ZigBee is targeted at radio-frequency (RF) applications that require a low data rate, long battery life, and secure networking.

• What is FPGA ?


Field-programmable Gate Array (FPGA)- is an integrated circuit designed to be configured by the customer or designer after manufacturing—hence "field-programmable". The FPGA configuration is specified using hardware description language (HDL).FPGAs contain programmable logic components called "logic blocks",

• What are semiconductor devices


A semiconductor device is a device which has a pn junction in it.Ex. Diode, transistor.Basically they are different in conduction property. these materials are not conductors by default they become conductors in some cicumstances like, increase in temperature or difference in the charge density, etc.Germanium and silicon are the best examples of semiconductors

• Why the input resistance of an op-amp is high whereas it's output resistance is low?


Op-Amp has to provide maximum output and haence has low output resistance , for loading at the input point its has high resistance in the input side.

• What is CMRR? Explain briefly.


CMRR stands for common mode rejection ratio. It is a measure of the ability of a test instrument to reject interference that is common to both of its measurement input terminals. It is expressed in decibels and it is the ratio of the actual or common signal level appearing on the two input terminals together to the measured level.

• What is a tunnel diode ?


Tunnel diode was invented by Esaki and its different from the normal diode in terms of the doping concentration as in 1part of doping is present in 10^3 atoms whereas in normal diode it is 1 part in 10^8 atoms. It is basically used for very fast switching response.

• What do you mean by ASCII, EBCDIC?


ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange), is a character encoding based on the English alphabet. EBCDIC (Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code) is an 8-bit character encoding used on IBM mainframe operating systems"

Electronics - Interview Qts-1

Interview Questions- MBA Admissions- Job Interviews
                     - Electronics and Communication, Applied Electronics

• How many type of resistances are there in a diode


Two, one when forward biased have zero resistance and the other when reverse biased has infinite resistance

• What is zero crossing rate ?


The zero-crossing rate is the rate of sign-changes along a signal, i.e., the rate at which the signal changes from positive to negative or back. This feature has been used heavily in both speech recognition and music information retrieval

• Define super conductivity


Superconductivity is a phenomenon occurring in certain materials at extremely low temperatures, characterized by exactly zero electrical resistance and the exclusion of the interior magnetic field. The electrical resistivity of a metallic conductor decreases gradually as the temperature is lowered. However, in ordinary conductors such as copper and silver, impurities and other defects impose a lower limit. Even near absolute zero a real sample of copper shows a non-zero resistance. The resistance of a superconductor, on the other hand, drops abruptly to zero when the material is cooled below its "critical temperature". An electric current flowing in a loop of superconducting wire can persist indefinitely with no power source.

• Name three ways to check stability:


routh-herwitz criteria, nyquist criteria, root locus method

• Examples of Semiconductors, Passive devices in day to day living

Inductors used in Fans, Resitors-Passive components used in Tube lights etc

• Decribe Zener Breakdown

In Zener breakdown the electrostatic attraction between the negative electrons and a large positive voltage is so great that it pulls electrons out of their covalent bonds and away from their parent atoms. ie Electrons are transferred from the valence to the conduction band. In this situation the current can still be limited by the limited number of free electrons produced by the applied voltage so it is possible to cause Zener breakdown without damaging the semiconductor.

• Which semiconductor device is used as a voltage regulator and why?


Zener diode in reverse bias is used as voltage regulators. It allows a negligible variation in voltage for a large variation in current

• What do you mean by zener breakdown and avalanche breakdown?

There are two stages that occur as a material begins to breakdown due a large applied voltage. These are zener breakdown and avalanche breakdown

• What do you mean by an ideal voltage source?


An ideal voltage source is a source which allows infinite variataition in current through it without any change in o/p voltage

• Describe avalanche breakdown


Avalanche breakdown occurs when the applied voltage is so large that electrons that are pulled from their covalent bonds are accelerated to great velocities. These electrons collide with the others and knock off more electrons. These electrons are then also accelerated and subsequently collide with other atoms. The current in the semiconductor rapidly increases and the material can quickly be destroyed.

• Does Zener breakdown damages the device.


In the case of Zener breakdown- the current can still be limited by the limited number of free electrons produced by the applied voltage. So it is possible to cause Zener breakdown without damaging the semiconductor

Interview Qts - Bank/BPO - 7

Banking Interview Questions -7

• Whats the difference between RTGS and NEFT

• What are the possibilities of a public sector bank to compete with private sector banks.

• Define Prime Lending Rate
        It is the rate at which commercial banks give loan to its prime customers.

• What is the understanding on RTI act?

• How intangible assets are entered in balance sheet?

• name 5 private sector insurance companies

• what is parallel economy

• Define sub-prime crisis

• What is currency of Russia?

• What is the difference between bearer and ordered cheque

• What are intangible net worth

• What is your understanding on financial Inclusion.

• What is your understanding on capital markets

• What are the different accounts in banks and/or other financial institutions.

o Deposit account


       Checking accounts or current account

       Savings accounts

      Money market deposit account:

      Time deposit

o Personal account

o Sweep account

o Transactional account or demand accounts or demand deposit accounts

Interview Qts - Bank/BPO - 6

Banking Interview Questions -6

• What is the full form of ICICI ? Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India..


• Why were banks nationalised?

• What is the total count of no. Of PSU banks in India?

• Name any two banks which have overseas centre?

• What is the full form of HDFC ?

• What are the nationalized banks?

• What is the difference between c and visual basic and where are these used in Banks

• How and why computers are used in banks?

• Do you Indian Banking sector is too regulated

• What are fiscal deficit? What is its value

• What is Forex reserve of India?

• Whats is you understanding on Inflation,

• Where is the note printing press?

• What is NRE Account?

• What are your views on privatization of banks?

• What are the various divisions of NPA?

• When is an asset classified as NPA?

• What is GDP?

• Hows GDP calculated

• What is GNI?

• What is recession?

• what is meant by GDP? What r the services that r not included while calc GDP?

• What is the current GDP of India and proposed GDP for next year.

• Define RTGS

• Define NEFT?

Interview Qts - Bank/BPO - 5

Banking Interview Questions - 5

• What are the tools used by a bank to do there asset liability mismatch.


• Whats are the tools with RBI to control liquidity in market

• Who is the chairperson of RBI

• What is the role of FICCI

• Explain monetary and fiscal policy in brief?

• Which is the first bank established in India ?

• How net profit is entered in Balance sheet?

• Name few major mergers in banking sector

• What’s your view on consolidation of banking sector

• how many days rbi publishes its policies

• What is KYC

• What is diminishing marginal utility?

• How will you ascertain the risk of a customer?

• Whats is CIBIL?. What is its role

• Name few private banks

Interview Qts - Bank/BPO -4

Banking Interview Questions -4

• How is the importance of insurance sector? What are the growth drivers.

• What is the role of RBI

• What are SMEs?

• What is the role of IRDA?

• How does a bank earn its profit?

• What are the various kind of business undertaken by Banks

• What do you understand from “overdraft”
 It is the loan facility on customer current account at a bank permitting him to overdraw up to a certain agreed limit for a agreed period ,interest is payable only on the amount of loan taken up.

• What are NBFC’s?

• Name few famous NBFC’s in India?

• What’s the role of NBFC’s In India?

• How a project is appraised?

• Which organizations regulates NBFC’s

• What are dated securities

• What is NPA?

• What is RR(Repo rate)?
       Under repo transaction the borrower places with the lender certain acceptable securities against funds received and agree to reverse this transaction on a predetermined future date at agreed interest cost. Repo rate is also called (repurchase agreement or repurchase option).

Interview Qts - Bank/BPO -3

Banking Interview Questions -3

• Name few regulatory agencies in Indian Banking Sector


• What considerations should be taken while making a portfolio ?

• What is the role of SEBI

• Where does an insurance company invests its funds ?

• What is single entry system?

• Benefits of double entry system to single entry system.

• What are treasury bills?

• How can we increase the foreign reserve of the country?

• What is your understanding on Core Banking?

• What is Yield

• what is basel accord?

• How is yield related to market price ?

• What is HTM & AFS ?

• Define ALM?

• What is mark to market?

Interview Qts - Bank/ BPO-2

Banking Interview Questions-2

• What is insurance liability?

• What is asset liability matching

• What is public liability?

• What is trade deficit?

• What is India's forex reserve?

• What is SEZ?

• Why companies setup Sez?

• What is balance sheet of the company?

• Functions of a bank?

• IRDP Scheme

• Rupee closing value yesterday/GBP closing value/ Euro closing value?

• What do you understand form mutual Funds

• What are SIPS?

• What are the normal investments options for a ordinary person

• What is Reinsurance?

Interview Qts - Bank/ BPO-1

Banking Interview Questions -1


1. What is CAR?

Capital adequacy ratio

2. Define Bank rate.

is the rate of interest which is charged by RBI on its advances to commercial banks. When reserve bank desires to restrict expansion of credit it raises the bank rate there by making the credit costlier to commercial bank.

3. What is the present value of SLR, CRR, CAR, RR, RRR etc

Can refer RBI sites for daily updates policy changes and Rate and Forex conversion rates, http://www.rbi.org.in/

4. What is CRR?

Specifies the percentage of their total deposits the commercial bank must keep with central bank or RBI. Higher the CRR lower will be the capacity of bank to create credit.

5. Define SLR?

Known as Statutorily Liquidity Ratio. Each bank is required statutorily maintain a prescribed minimum proportion of its demand and time liabilities in the form of designated liquid asset.

6. What is RRR (reverse Reporate)

Is the interest rate earned by the bank for lending money to the RBI in exchange of govt. securities or "lender buys securities with agreement to sell them back at a predetermined rate".

7. How can we control the liquidity in system with CRR.?

8. What is an escrow account? When is its required.

9. How much %govt should own to make the company govt owned?

10. What is a liability?

Improve - Critical Thinking

How to improve your logical ability /Critical thinking


The cognitive skills of a human determines his quality of life – be it learning, education or normal day to day living, - Reasoning and logical skills defines the boundary!.

Given below are few practical means of improving your critical thinking ability.

• Try remembering things in day to day life than storing to your PDA devices!

• Try to remember the mobile numbers of your close and dear

Challenge yourself - just ten minutes of mental activity a day might be enough to reduce your risks of mental decline.

• Games which involves strategy- like PUZZLES /Sudokus

• Keep your brain sharp and toned with regular exercise

Game 1: Find the Missing !!

A good game for students to get acquainted with numbers, operations and puzzles

Description of the game

Find the missing operations.. (Addition, subtraction, multiplication and division)

Number (missing operation) number (operation)= number

The fun is to find the operations which give the result, the end number!

Example: 3----- 6 ----2 +1 =10

The BODMAS – the precedence of operations also need to be taken care

One possible solution is : 3 * 6/ 2 +1 = 10

Ie, 6/2= 3 mutipley by 3 add one … u get 10

The game can be made hard by including negative numbers, more operations etc

There would be more than one possibility for the question and the scoring will depends upon how many possibilities can be arrived

This can be played in a smaller group.

This game doesn’t require a paper or pen hence can be played while traveling or during leisure time

These are good exercise for school going students to improve their computation skills

Game 2: Memory test

• Take 15 to 20 items normally the items that we see in our day to day living

• Analyze the same for 10 minutes,

• Keep the item away

• Try to recall the items in a span of 15 minutes..

Hints:

• Try forming a logical story / flow of remembering the things

• Think of an incident where you used those items…



A well functioning mind can reduce occasions of degenerative brain diseases and other brain related diseases.

These enable a student to develop a good learning skills, cognitive skills which helps to develop the learning skills of students these allows to process the sensory information we come across and henceforth analyze, evaluate , retain the relevant information’s compare the options, recall and come to a consensus.

Weak cognitive skills can be strengthened and normal cognitive skills can be enhanced to increase ease and performance in learning.

Where there is a will there is a way!.. give it a try..It worth it

Interview - Dream Company

What’s you dream company


If you are attending the dream job and profile of the dream company accept otherwise we need not mention that the company that you are being interviewed is the dream one.

• Say what’s is the thing that made you apply for this job..

o Profile of Job

o The huge salary (Be natural the interviewer also knows that for everyone salary matter, but it’s better to place the same in a middle position than you top priority)

o The enlarged responsibilities

o Huge exposure either with respect to new location or new domain

o Flexibility in creativity

o The well renowned team or the qualifications of team members wh9icn enables you to learn more

o The brand of being joining the company..say a Google employee or Microsoft or Mckinsey etc

o It can simply be You like the entire idea or values this company stands for..and you are keen to explore the same.

• If you are not sure what is the exact thing that you are looking for…Then combine all these above factors and put the above factors in an order which satisfies your logic.

Specializations-MBA Admissi

What are the courses /specializations available in an MBA

The main areas of specialization offered in most of the business administration colleges are


• Finance

• Marketing

• Information Management

• Operation Management

• Human Resource Management

• General Management

• International Business

• Service Operations Management

The one year programs and other service management areas of specializations offered in various colleges are:


• E-Governance

• Health Care

• Entrepreneurship

• Information and Project Management

• Software Enterprise Management

• Strategic Management

• Business

• Environment

• Decision Sciences

• Hospital Management,

• Supply Chain Management,

• Logistics & Transport Management,

• Tourism & Hospitality,

• BPO & Call Centre Management

• Health Care,

• Urban & Infrastructure Management,

• Social Sector Management,

• Natural Resources & Environment Management,

• Media,

• Insurance

• Rural Marketing,

• Advertising/Communication

Top 20 B-schools in India

Top 20 Business schools in India -Ranking

Rank	College	Official Website	Exams Accepted
1	(IIM Ahmedabad) Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad	http://www.iimahd.ernet.in/	CAT, GMAT
2	(IIM Bangalore) Indian Institute of Management, Bangalore	http://www.iimb.ernet.in/	CAT, GMAT
3	(IIM Calcutta) Indian Institute of Management, CalcuttaCalcutta	http://www.iimcal.ac.in/	CAT, GMAT
4	(FMS, Delhi) Faculty of Management Studies, Delhi UniversityDelhi	http://www.fms.edu/	Own Exam- FMS
5	(XLRI, Jamshedpur) Xavier's Labour Relations Institute, JamshedpurJamshedpur	http://www.xlri.ac.in/	GMAT,XAT
6	(IIM Lucknow) Indian Institute of Management, LucknowLucknow	http://www.iiml.ac.in/	CAT, GMAT
7	(ISB, Hyderabad) Indian School of Business, HyderabadHyderabad	http://www.isb.edu/	GMAT
8	(IIM Indore) Indian Institute of Management, IndoreIndore	http://www.iimidr.ac.in/iimi/	CAT, GMAT
9	(IIM Kozhikode) Indian Institute of Management, KozhikodeKozhikode	http://www.iimk.ac.in/	CAT, GMAT
10	(SP Jain, Mumbai) SP Jain Institute of Management and Research, MumbaiMumbai	http://www.spjimr.org/	CAT, GMAT,XAT	11	(MDI, Gurgaon) Management Development Institute, GurgaonGurgaon	http://www.mdi.ac.in/home/home.asp	CAT, GMAT
12	(JBIMS, Mumbai) Jamnalal Bajaj Institute of Management Studies, MumbaiMumbai	http://www.jbims.edu/	MAT,Others
13	(NITIE, Mumbai) National Institute of Industrial Engineering, MumbaiMumbai	http://www.nitie.edu/	CAT
14	(NMIMS, Mumbai) Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies, MumbaiMumbai	http://www.nmims.edu/	Own Exam- NMIMS
15	(IIFT Delhi) Indian Institute of Foreign Trade, Delhi and KolkataDelhi	http://www.iift.edu/iift/index.asp	Own Exam- IIFT
16	(SIBM, Pune) Symbiosis Institute of Business Management, PunePune	http://www.sibm.edu/	SNAP
17	(IMT, Ghaziabad) Institute of Management Technology, GhaziabadGhaziabad	http://www.imt.edu/	CAT
18	(XIM, Bhubhaneswar) Xavier's Institute of Management, BhubhaneswarBhubhaneswar	http://www.ximb.ac.in/	XAT
19	(SJM-SoM, IIT Bombay) Shailesh J Mehta School of Management, IIT BombayMumbai	http://www.som.iitb.ac.in/	JMET
20	(SCMHRD, Pune) Symbiosis Center for Management and Human Resources Development, PunePune	http://www.scmhrd.edu/	SNAP

Kerala Budget 2011 inBrief

Kerala Budget 2011- In Brief

LDF Government in Kerala presented a people-centric Budget on  February 10th, 2011 with a focus to welfare measures, price-control programmes and infrastructure development

The main points in brief are:

Common Man

1. Raised minimum welfare pension to Rs 400, a new pension scheme for domestic aides(majority of whom are women)

2. Measures to strengthen the social security net for below poverty line (BPL) sections, bringing four million families under a free insurance scheme.

3. Proposed free health insurance for BPL families

4. Write off the housing loans taken by poor people in the society under the government's Maythree Housing Loan Scheme.

5. Insulate the poor from the impact of price rise- 40 lakh families will be provided rice at Rs 2 a kg.

6. Stepping up the state-subsidised distribution network, 3,000 ration shops across the state would be made franchisees of the state Civil Supplies Corporation

7. Measures to check price rise of essential commodities. A kit with provisions of Rs.300 will be available at a price of Rs.150'

8. The commission of ration dealers was increased, to strengthen the functioning of ration shops

Infrastructure

1. A Special package for improving roads and building new links throughout the state

2. Improving amenities in five major cities, including the state capital.Thiruvananthapuram gets Rs 250 crore, Kochi Rs 202 crore, Kozhikode Rs 180 crore, Thrissur Rs 142 crore and Kollam Rs 120 crore.

3. Infrastructure development of the state- a Comprehensive Road Rehablitation project with a total out lay of Rs.40,000 crore was proposed

4. Setting up of new welfare boards for workers in private hospitals, Hospital Development Committees, Un-Aided Schools,College and Private Special Schools - Rs.10 crores.

Tax and rebates

1. No increase in tax rates

2. Proposed to simplify proceedures to file tax returns by introducing five forms in place of the 25 forms now.

3. All types of bricks,organic fertilizers, nylon plastic ropes have been exculded completely from tax net.

4. Luxury tax on Cable TV Operators withdrawn

5. Lowered the tax on sand from 12.5 to 4 percent

6. A new tax amnesty package for ailing Playwodd and Ayurveda Drug Industry.

Facts and Figures

1. A year end defecit of Rs.730.67 crores

2. Total revenue income was Rs.38 546.89 crores and revenue expenses of Rs.44,566.33 with a revenue defecit of Rs.6019.44 crores.

3. Total capital expenditure was Rs.2910.13 crores.The additional expenditure for the year was Rs.753.41 crores in the budget.

4. The salary bill for government employees in the state would increase from Rs.11130 crores to Rs.16326 crores.

5. Pension expenditure increase from Rs.5788 crores to Rs.7311 crores

6. Total public debt of the state decrease to 29.03 per from the existing 29.52 per cent from state's income